BMW and it's Mgt.

Biomedical Waste and It's Management

Biomedical Waste –important Terms

• Biomedical Waste

Diagnosis, treatment, immunization અથવા research દરમિયાન human અથવા animal related જે waste generate થાય તેને biomedical waste કહે છે.

• Diagnosis

Disease identify કરવાની process એટલે diagnosis.

•Treatment

Disease cure અથવા control કરવા માટે આપવામાં આવતી medical care.

• Immunization

Vaccine આપીને body ને disease સામે protection આપવાની process.

• Research

Scientific study અથવા investigation to gain new knowledge.

• Segregation

Waste ને point of generation પર અલગ અલગ categories માં divide કરવું.

• Collection

Generated waste ને proper container અથવા bag માં collect કરવાની process.

•Transportation

Waste ને one place થી treatment અથવા disposal area સુધી safely લઈ જવું.

• Treatment (Waste Treatment)

Waste માં રહેલા microorganisms destroy અથવા disinfect કરવાની process.

• Disposal

Waste ને final stage પર safe રીતે remove અથવા destroy કરવું.

• Infectious Waste

Infection spread કરી શકે તેવું contaminated waste.

• Pathological Waste

Human body tissues, organs, body parts જેવા biological waste.

• Sharps

Needles, blades, lancets જેવા sharp objects જે injury cause કરી શકે.

• Pharmaceutical Waste

Expired medicines, vaccines, antibiotics, drugs વગેરે.

• Chemical Waste

Laboratory chemicals, disinfectants, formalin જેવા chemical substances.

• Radioactive Waste

Radiotherapy અથવા nuclear medicine procedures દરમિયાન generate થતો radiation containing waste.

• Soiled Waste

Blood અથવા body fluids થી contaminated items જેમ કે cotton, dressing material.

• Contaminated Waste

Microorganisms અથવા infection થી infected થયેલ waste.

•Placenta

Delivery પછી uterus માંથી બહાર આવતું fetal organ.

• Sharps Injury / Needle Stick Injury

Needle અથવા sharp object થી accidental injury.

• Health Hazard

Health માટે dangerous અથવા harmful condition.

• Environmental Pollution

Air, water, soil contamination થવું.

• Incineration

High temperature burning process જેમાં waste ash માં convert થાય છે.

• Autoclaving

High pressure steam sterilization method microorganisms kill કરવા માટે.

• Chemical Disinfection

Chemicals દ્વારા microorganisms destroy કરવાની process.

• Microwaving

Microwave radiationથી waste disinfect કરવાની method.

• Deep Burial

Waste ને deep pit માં bury કરીને dispose કરવાની method (mainly rural areas).

• Color Coding

Different categories of biomedical waste માટે different color bags use કરવાની system.

• Yellow Bag

Infectious અને pathological waste collect કરવા માટે use થતી bag.

• Red Bag

Contaminated recyclable plastic waste collect કરવા માટે use થાય છે.

• White Container

Sharps waste (needles, blades) collect કરવા puncture-proof container.

• Blue Container

Glassware waste collect કરવા use થતો container.

• General Waste

Non-infectious municipal waste જેમ કે food waste, paper, packaging material.

• PPE (Personal Protective Equipment)

Health care workers ને infection થી protect કરવા માટે use થતી protective items જેમ કે gloves, mask, gown.

• Barcoding

Waste bags અથવા containers પર tracking માટે code system લગાવવું.

• Infection Control

Hospitalમાં infection spread prevent કરવા follow થતી practices.

• Waste Handler

Biomedical waste collect અને dispose કરનાર worker.

• Rag Picker

Dump sites અથવા garbageમાંથી recyclable material collect કરનાર વ્યક્તિ.

Bio-medical waste

Introduction (પરિચય)

Hospital, clinic, laboratory, blood bank, research center જેવા health care settings માં diagnosis, treatment, immunization, research activities દરમિયાન different types of waste generate થાય છે.

આ waste માંથી જે waste human or animal body, blood, body fluids, laboratory materials, sharps, drugs, contaminated items સાથે related હોય તેને Biomedical Waste કહેવાય છે.

Biomedical waste જો proper રીતે handle, segregate અને dispose ન કરવામાં આવે તો infection spread, environmental pollution, health hazards જેવી problems create થાય છે. તેથી biomedical waste નું scientific management health care workers માટે very essential છે.

Definition (વ્યાખ્યા)

Biomedical Waste means any waste generated during diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities related to biologicals.

Sources of Biomedical Waste (Biomedical Waste ના સ્ત્રોત)

Biomedical waste mainly health care settings માં generate થાય છે.

Main sources:

• Hospitals and nursing homes

• Primary health centres and clinics

• Laboratories and diagnostic centres

• Blood banks

• Medical and nursing colleges

• Veterinary hospitals

• Research institutions

• Mortuary and autopsy centres

Example:

Injection syringe, cotton soaked with blood, IV sets, placenta, body tissues વગેરે biomedical waste ના examples છે.

Types / Categories of Biomedical Waste

Biomedical waste different categories માં classify થાય છે depending on nature of waste.

1. Infectious Waste

Blood, body fluids, dressing material, contaminated cotton, bandages વગેરે infection spread કરી શકે છે.

2. Pathological Waste

Human tissues, organs, body parts, placenta વગેરે pathological waste કહેવાય છે.

3. Sharps Waste

Needles, syringes with needles, scalpel blades, broken glass, lancets વગેરે sharps કહેવાય છે. આ waste injury અને infection બંને cause કરી શકે છે.

4. Pharmaceutical Waste

Expired medicines, antibiotics, vaccines, cytotoxic drugs વગેરે pharmaceutical waste કહેવાય છે.

5. Chemical Waste

Disinfectants, laboratory chemicals, formalin વગેરે chemical waste કહેવાય છે.

6.Radioactive Waste

Radiotherapy અથવા nuclear medicine procedures દરમિયાન generate થતો radioactive waste.

Categories of BMW

Color Coding System (Biomedical Waste Rules 2016)

Biomedical waste segregation માટે color coded containers use થાય છે.

• Yellow Bag

Human anatomical waste, body parts, placenta, soiled waste, microbiology waste.

• Red Bag

Contaminated plastic items: IV sets, tubing, catheters, urine bags.

• White / Translucent Container

Sharps: needles, scalpels, blades.

• Blue Container

Glassware, broken glass, medicine vials.

Color coding biomedical waste managementમાં most important step છે.

Health Hazards of Biomedical Waste

Improper biomedical waste management serious health risks create કરે છે.

Possible hazards:

-HIV infection spread

-Hepatitis B and Hepatitis C infection

-Skin infection

-Needle stick injury

-Air pollution

-Water contamination

-Soil pollution

-Health care workers, waste handlers, rag pickers અને community members માટે risk વધારે હોય છે.

Biomedical Waste Management (BMW Management)

-Biomedical waste management means collection, segregation, transportation, treatment and disposal of biomedical waste in safe manner.

Main aim:

-Infection spread prevent કરવું

-Environment protect કરવું

-Health care workers safety maintain કરવી

Steps of Biomedical Waste Management

Biomedical waste managementમાં following steps important છે:

1. Segregation

Waste generation point પર waste અલગ અલગ categories માં divide કરવું.

2. Collection

Waste properly labelled containers અથવા bags માં collect કરવું.

3. Transportation

Waste hospital અંદર safe manner માં transport કરવું.

4. Treatment

Waste destroy અથવા disinfect કરવા appropriate methods use કરવું.

5. Disposal

waste safe manner માં dispose કરવું.

Methods of Biomedical Waste Treatment

Different treatment methods biomedical waste destroy કરવા use થાય છે.

1. Incineration

High temperature burning process which converts waste into ash.

2. Autoclaving

Steam sterilization method which kills microorganisms.

3. Chemical Disinfection

Chlorine compounds જેવા chemicals દ્વારા disinfection.

4. Microwaving

Microwave radiationથી microorganisms destroy થાય છે.

5. Deep Burial

Rural areas માં pathological waste disposal માટે use થાય છે.

BMW rules;

India માં biomedical waste management માટે Biomedical Waste Management Rules 2016 છે.

Important points:

-Waste segregation at source

-Color coding system mandatory

-Barcoding and record maintenance

-Training of health care workers

-Safe transportation and disposal

Role of Nurse in Biomedical Waste Management

Nurse biomedical waste managementમાં very important role play કરે છે.

Responsibilities:

Waste segregation ensure કરવું

Proper color coded bags use કરાવવું

Needle stick injury prevent કરવું

PPE use કરવું

Biomedical waste rules follow કરવું

Staff education અને training આપવી

Infection control practices maintain કરવી

Prevention of Biomedical Waste Hazards

Hazards prevent કરવા following measures important છે:

• Proper waste segregation

• Use of personal protective equipment (PPE)

• Hand hygiene practice

• Safe injection practice

• Needle destroyer use કરવું

• Staff training and awareness