Digestive system
- May 16, 2025
- 4 min read
🎯 Introduction
Digestive system is made up group of organs which main function is breakdown of food molecule into small molecule. And this small Food molecule convert into energy.
Digestive system also called Gl track (Gastrointestinal Tract) or also called Elementary Canal.
Elementary canal strat from mouth and it end in anus.
Length of elementary canal 8-10 miter (30 CM)
💡Activity of Digestive System
1. Ingestion.
2. Propulsion.
3. Digestion.
4. Absorption.
5. Elimination.
Ingestion
= In this process food is received by mouth.
Propulsion
= In this step food is move to the stomach.
Digestion
= In this step food is breakdown by mouth or Teeth.
Absorption
= In this Step important digested molecules is absorbed by intestine.
Elimination
= In this step undigested food is removed from the body by Large intestine.
💡Organs Digestive System
★ Primary Digestive Organs:
This is special type of organs which is directly involved in digestion.
👉Mouth
👉Pharynx
👉Oesophagus
👉Stomach
👉small intestine
👉Large intestine
👉Rectum and anal
💡 Organs Digestive System
★ Accessory Digestive Organs
This is also important organs which help to digestion but it is not directly involved in digestion.
1. Teeth.
2. Tongue.
3. Salivary Glands.
4. Pancreas.
5. Liver.
🔷 Mouth (Oral Cavity)
Mouth (Oral Cavity, buccal cavity) it is ovel shaped cavity Which is present inside of skull .
📌 Part of mouth
Lips
Vestibule
Teeth
Tongue
Palate
Uvula
{ 1 } Vestibule
Vestibule present between teet and lips
{ 2 } Teeth
Teeth are located mandible and maxilla bone cavity and it Help to chewing of food.
There are total (32 teeth) found in mouth
° Incisors= 8
° Canines=4
° Premolars = 8
° Molars 12
° Tolta 32 Teeth
{ 3 } Tongue
Tongue has voluntary muscles. And it is present on the floor of mouth.
Its main function is that it help to movement of food and mix a food with saliva.
Test receptor in tongue
{ 4 } Salivary Gland
In a mouth 3 important salivary gland are Present.
1. Parotid Gland.
2. Sub Mandibular Gland.
3. Sublingual Gland.
Parotid Gland is very large as compared other salivary gland. It is produced enzyme into the mouth by help to ducts.
Per day 1000-1500 Ml saliva release by salivary gland.
In saliva special type of enzymes present which is called Amylase.
{ 5 } Uvula
Uvula is a folded muscle which is hang upper side of mouth.
Its main function is that it do not allow to enter a food in aa nasal cavity.
🔷 Oesophagus
Oesophagus is also called food pipe. It hollow inside.
Its main function is that it carrying a food from the mouth and send to the stomach.
It's normal length is 25 cm.
🔷 Stomach
Stomach is a J shaped organ which upper part is connected with Oesophagus and Lower parts is connected with Small intestine
★Part of Stomach
1.Fundus
2. Body
3. Pylorus
1> Fundus
Fundus is a upper most part of stomach.
Inside of fundus special type of Cell present [Parietal Cell or Oxyntic Cell] these Cell produce a HCL
Inside a fundus also found some other important cell as [Chief Cell] this Cell produce Pepsin, Rennin, Lipase Enzymes.
2 > Body
Body is a middle part of Stomach. It is very big part of Stomach.
3 > Pylorus
Pylorus is a lower part of stomach. Its lower part is connected with duodenum.
In a Pylorus Special types of cell are present which is called G - Cell. It is produced a Gastrin Hormons which stimulate a Pancreatic Juice.
♦️Food Stay in Stomach
→Carbohydrate :- 2-3 Hours
→Protein :- 3 Hours
→Fat :- 3-4 hours
→ Mix Diet :- 2-3 hours
🔷 Small Intestine
Small intestine is a long and narrow tube which upper part is attached to the stomach and lower part is attached to the large intestine.
It's length above 6 to 7 meter long.
Mostly digested food are absorbed by Small intestine
Inside of intestine present special type of finger like structure which is called micro Villi. It help to absorption of food.
Parts of Small Intestine
1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum
{ 1 } Duodenum
It is a C shaped structure which is 20 to 25 Centimetres long.
This part is surrounded by pancreas head.
It take a chyme form the stomach and mix with pancreatic juice and bile juice.
{ 2 } Jejunum
It is a middle part of small intestine which upper part is connect with duodenum and lower part is connected with Ileum
It's length is 2.5 meter long.
Inside of jejunum present micro villi which help to absorption of Glucose, Fatty acids, Amino acids
{ 3 } Ileum
It is the end part of small intestine which normal length is 3 meter long.
It also has micro villi which mainly absorbed Vitamin B12, Bile acids
🔷 Large Intestine
Large intestine is surrounded on small intestine. It's normal length is 1.5 meter
Parts of Large Intestine
→Caecum
→Ascending colon
→Descending colon
→Sigmoid colon
→rectum
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