FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
- Apr 13
- 2 min read
Overview
The female reproductive system is responsible for:
Production of ova (egg cells)
Fertilization
Menstruation
Pregnancy and childbirth
Secretion of female hormones (estrogen, progesterone)
1. Structure of Female Reproductive System
Organs of Female Reproductive System
Internal Organs
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
External Organs (Vulva)
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
Vaginal opening
2. OVARIES (Primary sex organs)
Structure
Almond-shaped organs
Located on each side of uterus
Size: 3 × 1.5 × 1 cm
Parts of Ovary
Structure | Description |
Germinal epithelium | outer covering |
Cortex | contains follicles |
Medulla | blood vessels present |
Follicles | contain developing ova |
Corpus luteum | produces progesterone |
3. FALLOPIAN TUBES (Uterine tubes)
Length
10–12 cm long
Parts
Infundibulum (funnel shaped)
Fimbriae (finger like projections)
Ampulla (site of fertilization)
Isthmus (narrow part)
4. UTERUS
Structure
Pear shaped muscular organ
Located in pelvic cavity
Parts of Uterus
Part | Description |
Fundus | upper dome shaped part |
Body | main part |
Cervix | lower narrow part |
Layers of Uterus
Perimetrium (outer layer)
Myometrium (muscle layer)
Endometrium (inner lining)
5. CERVIX
Structure
Lower narrow part of uterus
Connects uterus to vagina
Parts
Internal os
Cervical canal
External os
6. VAGINVA
Structure
Fibromuscular tube
Length: 7–9 cm
Connects cervix to external genitalia
7. EXTERNAL GENITAL ORGANS (VULVA)
Parts
Mons pubis
Labia majora
Labia minora
Clitoris
Vestibule
Bartholin glands
FUNCTIONS OF FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Function | Description |
Oogenesis | production of ovum |
Menstruation | shedding of endometrium |
Fertilization | union of sperm and ovum |
Pregnancy | fetal development |
Childbirth | delivery of baby |
Hormone secretion | estrogen, progesterone |
CLINICAL CONDITIONS (Exam Important)
Disease | Description |
PCOS | hormonal disorder |
Ovarian cyst | fluid filled sac |
Endometriosis | endometrial tissue outside uterus |
Fibroid | benign tumor of uterus |
Cervical cancer | abnormal cell growth |
Vaginitis | vaginal infection |
Infertility | inability to conceive |
NURSING IMPLICATIONS
Menstrual history assessment
Pregnancy care knowledge
Infertility counselling
Cervical cancer screening awareness
Assist in obstetric procedures
Educate reproductive hygiene
Monitor abnormal bleeding
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