1 . INTRODUCTION Obstructed labour is a serious obstetric emergency where the fetus cannot progress through the birth canal despite strong uterine contractions. If not managed promptly, it can lead to
1 . INTRODUCTION Prolonged labour (also called failure to progress) is a condition where labor lasts longer than normal duration, leading to increased risk for both mother and baby. It is a common obs
1 . INTRODUCTION Antepartum haemorrhage (APH) is bleeding from the genital tract during pregnancy after 20 weeks and before delivery. It is a serious obstetric complication affecting both mother and f