Introduction of psychology

Definition of psychology

"Psychology is the scientific study of human behaviour and mental processes"

—Feldman(2001)

"The science of mental life, both of its phenomena and their conditions"

"Psychology is a scientific study of the behaviour of humans and animals". —HD Hamm (1962)

SCOPE/AREA/BRANCHES OF PSYCHOLOGY

Pure psychology :

• It provides the theoretical framework of the subject.

• It deals with formulation of principals,theories and suggest different methods for the assessment of behavior.

Applied psychology:

• It deals with the application of psychological principles and techniques for approaching the problem in different fields of real life.

BRANCHES OF PURE PSYCHOLOGY

METHOD OF PSYCHOLOGY

• These scientific method include standardized way of making observation, gathering data, forming theories,testing prediction and interpreting results.

INTROSPECTION OR SELF -– OBSERVATION

• Introspection means looking into oneself or self-observation or self-analysis.

• It is a process that involves looking inward to examine one's own thoughts and emotions in a more structured and rigorous way.

DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH METHODS

• Descriptive research methods yield descriptions of behavior and include observation method,the case study,and the survey.

OBSERVATIONAL METHOD

• Observational method is a systematic and carefully recording of information related to an observation.

• This type of research can be naturalistic or laboratory

• Naturalistic observation

• Laboratory observation

Case study

• In a case study a researcher studies the subject in depth

Surveys method

• Survey is the way of getting information about a specific type of behavior, opinion, attitude, experience or event.

EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

• Experimental research design is a powerful design for testing hypotheses of casue-and-effect relationship between variables.

• MANIPULATION

the experimenter dose something to at least some subjects.

• CONTROL

The experimenter introduce controls over the experimental situation, including the use of a control group.

• RANDOMISATION

The exprimenter assigns subjects to a control or experimental group on a random basis.

STEPS IN AN EXPERIMENTAL METHOD

DEVELOPMENTAL METHOD

• Developmental method is a scientific approach which aims to explain growth, change and consistency thought the lifespan.

RELATIONSHIP OF PSYCHOLOGY WITH OTHER SCIENCE

Psychology is contributing to solve various day to day problem of living beings and is healt, education, sports and so on .

PSYCHOLOGY AND BIOLOGY

• As Psychology focus on the behavior of an organism whereas biology deals with growth and development physically, inheritance as well.

• Therefore,the behavior cannot be systematically analyzed without the knowledge of biological principal.

PSYCHOLOGY WITH LOGIC MATHEMATICAL DISCIPLINE

• Psychology must be logical as possible in his reasoning.

• Moreover, psychology borrows some formulas from the theory of probability to perform statistics.

LINGUISTICS

• In early times philosophers think that language is a social institution.

• Afterwards Chomsky explained that intelligence is not subordinated to language but the inverse is true.

PSYCHOLOGY WITH SOCIOLOGY

• Psychology and sociology are closely related with each other.

• In psychology, perception, attitude, individual differences, cultural differences, learning and personality development are focus of interest.

• These all components are greatly influenced by social interaction, cultural values,social organisation and customs of society.

PSYCHOLOGY WITH PHILOSOPHY

• In the earlier times,psychology was a part of philosophy later on it emerged as a saparate discipline.

• Therefore, psychology and philosophy have a complex relationship.

• For example : metaphysics is a branch of science that deals with nature of reality including philosophy of mind.

• On the other hand, psychology also focus on the study of mind.

PSYCHOLOGY WITH PSYCHIATRY

• Psychiatry is a medical speciality devoted to the diagnosis, prevention,study and treatment of mental disorder.

• Psychology explains the extent of problem, involvement of mind and behavior for a particular disease.