Uterine polyps

📚INTRODUCTION

Uterine polyps are common benign overgrowths of endometrial tissue that project into the uterine cavity.

They are mostly seen in reproductive and perimenopausal women and may cause abnormal uterine bleeding.

♦️DEFINITION

A uterine polyp is a localized benign growth of endometrial tissue attached to the uterine wall by a broad base or stalk.

⭕CAUSES

• (Exact cause not fully known, but related to)

• Hormonal imbalance (↑ estrogen)

• Endometrial hyperplasia

• Chronic inflammation

• Genetic factors

  
  

🔷RISK FACTORS

• Age (40–50 years)

• Perimenopause

• Obesity

• Hypertension

• Tamoxifen therapy

• Hormone replacement therapy (HRT)

• PCOS

  
  

🔶 CLINICAL MANIFESTATIONS

🧪DIAGNOSIS

Clinical Evaluation

• History of abnormal bleeding

• Pelvic examination

Investigations

• Ultrasound (USG) → first-line

• Transvaginal ultrasound (TVS) → more accurate

• Hysteroscopy → gold standard (direct visualization)

• Endometrial biopsy → rule out malignancy

• Sonohysterography → better cavity view

  
  

⚡COMPLICATIONS

• Anemia (due to bleeding)

• Infertility

• Recurrence

• Rare malignant transformation

  
  

🏥MANAGEMENT

1. Conservative Management

• Observation (small, asymptomatic polyps)

2. Medical Management

• Hormonal therapy (progesterone)

• Limited role (temporary relief only)

3. Surgical Management

• Polypectomy (removal of polyp) → treatment of choice

• Hysteroscopic removal (preferred method)

• Curettage (D&C)

• Hysterectomy (rare, severe cases)

👨🏻‍⚕️NURSING MANAGEMENT

Assessment

• Monitor bleeding pattern

• Assess for anemia

• Check vital signs

Interventions

• Administer prescribed medications

• Prepare patient for hysteroscopy/polypectomy

• Post-procedure care

• Maintain hygiene

🏥HEALTH EDUCATION

• Importance of follow-up

• Report abnormal bleeding early

• Maintain healthy weight

• Medication compliance

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🚀Here’s a short “exam trick” version for Uterine Polyps— super quick points you can remember :

Introduction: Benign growth of endometrium projecting into uterine cavity

Definition: Localized overgrowth of endometrial tissue attached by base or stalk

Causes: Increased estrogen, endometrial hyperplasia, inflammation

Risk factors: Age 40–50, obesity, hypertension, tamoxifen use

Clinical manifestations: Irregular bleeding, menorrhagia, spotting, infertility

Diagnosis: USG, TVS, hysteroscopy (gold standard), biopsy

Complications: Anemia, infertility, recurrence, rare malignancy

Management: Observation (small), hormonal therapy, polypectomy (main treatment)

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🚀Here’s a set of 07 MCQs on Uterine Polyps for practice :

1. Uterine polyp is:

a) Malignant tumor

b) Benign growth of endometrium ✅

c) Infection

d) Hormonal disease

2. Most common symptom of uterine polyp:

a) Amenorrhea

b) Irregular uterine bleeding ✅

c) Fever

d) Weight gain

3. Gold standard for diagnosis of uterine polyp:

a) X-ray

b) Ultrasound

c) Hysteroscopy ✅

d) CT scan

4. Uterine polyps are mainly associated with:

a) Decreased estrogen

b) Increased estrogen ✅

c) Low progesterone only

d) Infection

5. Risk factor for uterine polyp:

a) Young age

b) Obesity ✅

c) Smoking only

d) Trauma

6. Main treatment of uterine polyp:

a) Antibiotics

b) Antifungals

c) Polypectomy (removal) ✅

d) Bed rest

7. Complication of uterine polyp:

a) Hypertension

b) Infertility ✅

c) Asthma

d) Diabetes