MANIA ( Manic Episode )

• Lack of insight

• Lack of Inhibition

🔷 It refers to a Syndrome in which the central features of over Activity mood changes and self - important ideas 💡

ETIOLOGY

• Neurotransmitter/ structural/ Hypothesis

• Genetic Consideration

• Psychodynamic theories

STAGE

Euphoria (Stage 1 ): Increased sense of psycho-logical well-being and happiness not in keeping with ongoing events.

Elation (Stage 2 ): Moderate elevation of mood with increased psychomotor activity.

Exaltation (Stage 3): Intense elevation of mood with delusions of grandeur.

Ecstasy (Stage 4): Severe elevation of mood, intense sense of rapture or blissfulness seen in delirious or stuporous mania

It's Become rapid , short lasting shift from euphoria to irritability or anger.

Clinical Features

• Flight of ideas

• Pressure of speech:( punning, rhyming, joking, teasing )

• Precaution delusion

• Clang association: rhyming sounds

• High - risk Activities

• Reckless driving distributing money or articles

• Absent insight

• Impulsive behaviour

• Grandiose delusions

• Disinhibition

• Hypersexual and promiscuous behaviour

• Decreased need for sleep

🔴 Resulting Symptoms Hypomania

📢Hypomania is a lesser degree of mania. There is a persistent mild elevation of mood and increased sense of psychological well-being and happiness not keeping with ongoing events. In some cases, irritability, conceit, and boorish behavior may take the place of more usual euphoric sociability.

Treatment

Psychopharmacology

Lithium: 900-2100 mg/day

Carbamazepine: 600-1800 mg/day

Sodium valproate: 600-2600 mg/day

Lamotrigine: 25-200 mg/day

Other drugs: Clonazepam, diazepam, lorazepam, calcium channel blockers, etc.