❤️‍🩹 CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR)

1. Definition

• CPR is an emergency life-saving procedure performed when the heart and breathing have stopped, to maintain circulation and oxygenation until advanced care is available.

2. Purpose

• To restore blood circulation

• To maintain oxygen supply to brain and vital organs

• To prevent brain damage and death

3. Indications

• Cardiac arrest

• Respiratory arrest

• Unconscious patient with no pulse and no breathing

4. Contraindications

⚠️ Do not start CPR if:

• Patient shows signs of death (rigor mortis, decomposition)

• Valid Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order present

5. Articles / Equipment

🧰 Equipment:

• CPR board / firm surface

• Bag-valve mask (Ambu bag)

🧴 Supplies:

• Face mask / barrier device

• Oxygen supply (if available)

📋 Records:

• Emergency record

6. Patient Preparation

• Ensure scene safety

• Check patient responsiveness

• Call for help / activate emergency system

7. Procedure Steps (Step-by-Step Sentences)

1. Ensure the scene is safe before approaching the patient.

2. Check responsiveness by tapping and shouting.

3. Call for help and activate emergency response system.

4. Place the patient on a firm, flat surface.

5. Check breathing and pulse simultaneously for 10 seconds.

6. If no breathing and no pulse, start CPR immediately.

🔴 Chest Compressions

7. Place the heel of one hand on the center of the chest (lower half of sternum).

8. Place the other hand on top and interlock fingers.

9. Keep arms straight and shoulders directly above hands.

10. Compress chest at least 5–6 cm depth.

11. Maintain a rate of 100–120 compressions per minute.

12. Allow full chest recoil after each compression.

🌬️ Rescue Breathing

13. Open airway using head tilt–chin lift method.

14. Pinch the nose and give one breath for 1 second.

15. Observe chest rise.

16. Give a second breath.

🔁 Compression–Ventilation Ratio

17. Continue CPR in ratio of:👉 30 compressions : 2 breaths

18. Continue cycles until:

19. Help arrives

20. Patient shows signs of recovery

21. You are exhausted

8. Post Procedure Care

• Place patient in recovery position if breathing returns

• Monitor vital signs

• Continue oxygen support

• Transfer to advanced care

9. Complications

• Rib fractures

• Gastric distension

• Lung injury (rare)

10. Health Education

• Importance of early CPR

• Learn basic life support (BLS)

• Call emergency services immediately

• Promote CPR training in community

🎯 Viva Questions

Q1. What is the compression ratio in CPR?👉 30:2

Q2. What is the rate of chest compression?👉 100–120 per minute

Q3. Where is compression given?👉 Center of chest (sternum)