💉 IMMUNIZATION PROCEDURE

1. Definition

• Immunization is the process of administering vaccines to protect individuals from specific infectious diseases by developing immunity.

2. Purpose

• To prevent infectious diseases

• To reduce morbidity and mortality

• To promote community (herd) immunity

3. Indications

• All infants, children, and adults as per schedule

• High-risk groups

• During immunization programs

4. Contraindications

⚠️ Avoid or postpone in:

• Severe illness or high fever

• History of severe allergic reaction to previous dose

• Immunocompromised conditions (for live vaccines)

5. Articles / Equipment

🧰 Equipment:

• Vaccine carrier with ice packs

• Syringe and needle

🧴 Supplies:

• Vaccine vial

• Cotton swabs

• Hub cutter / safety box

• Hand sanitizer

📋 Records:

• Immunization card

• Register

6. Patient Preparation

• Explain procedure to parent/caregiver

• Check immunization history

• Ensure correct vaccine and dose

• Maintain cold chain

7. Procedure Steps (Step-by-Step Sentences)

1. Wash hands thoroughly before starting the procedure.

2. Check doctor’s order or immunization schedule.

3. Verify vaccine name, dose, expiry date, and batch number.

4. Maintain cold chain and take vaccine from carrier when required.

5. Identify the child correctly.

6. Explain procedure to parent/caregiver.

7. Position the child properly.

8. Select correct site and route:

   • BCG → Intradermal (left arm)

   • OPV → Oral

   • Pentavalent → Intramuscular (thigh)

9. Clean the injection site if required.

10. Administer the vaccine using proper technique.

11. Do not massage the site after injection (for most vaccines).

12. Dispose of syringe immediately in safety box.

13. Observe the child for 15–30 minutes for any reaction.

14. Record vaccine details in immunization card and register.

15. Inform next visit date to caregiver.

16. Wash hands after completing procedure.

8. Post Procedure Care

• Observe for adverse reactions

• Provide comfort to child

• Manage mild fever or pain

9. Complications

• Fever

• Pain and swelling at site

• Allergic reaction (rare)

• Anaphylaxis (emergency)

10. Health Education

• Importance of complete immunization schedule

• Do not miss doses

• Keep immunization card safe

• Report any severe reaction immediately

• Continue breastfeeding

🎯 Viva Questions

Q1. What is immunization?👉 Protection against diseases using vaccines

Q2. What is cold chain?👉 Maintaining proper temperature for vaccines

Q3. Where is Pentavalent vaccine given?👉 Intramuscular in thigh